Fasting

It is not obligatory to fast unless one has sighted the new moon of Ramadan, 30 days of Sha’bān has passed, or one believed the testimony of one who is accustomed to give the news, such as the testimony of two just witnesses.

Fasting on the Day of Doubt is recommended. Renewing one’s intention to fast each day is religiously obligatory.

The time for fasting is from dawn to sunset. It is religiously obligatory for one to investigate.

The fast is invalidated by the following: sexual intercourse; emission of semen due to desire in the awakened state; anything that reaches the abdomen from passing through the throat from the outside, even if by mistake or under duress; and who brakes their fast deliberately becomes immoral.

Whoever breaks the fast has to continue fasting the rest of the day and make it up a day in its place.

The traveller is excused from fasting as well as one who fears harm for oneself. It is religiously obligatory [to break the fast] if one fears damage or harm to another like the breastfeeding baby or embryo.

It is religiously obligatory to make up the fast. If a year passes to the next Ramadan and one had not made it up, one should pay atonement (kaffara) of half of a sa’ of a staple for each day that one missed the fast.

It is recommended to increase in fasting especially Rajab, Sha’bān, the White Days, Mondays, Thursdays, and other than that. One is the prince of one’s own soul when it comes to the voluntary actions, if one wants to break the fast. This does not apply to the one making up an obligatory fast. If they break their fast, they incur sin.

The Night of Power (laylat al-qadr) is in the last ten days of Ramadan. One should engage in various types of worship.